行業資訊
本溪事關老舊小區加裝電梯,國家新發文
事關老舊小區加裝電梯,國家新發文
截至2023年10月,全(quan)國老(lao)舊(jiu)小區(qu)既有(you)住(zhu)宅已累計加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)近10萬(wan)部(bu),但(dan)加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)仍是(shi)老(lao)舊(jiu)小區(qu)改造中(zhong)群眾(zhong)反映(ying)強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)難(nan)點問題。在電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)和(he)使用過程(cheng)中(zhong),樓上(shang)樓下(xia)、左鄰(lin)右舍(she)因需求和(he)利益不(bu)同,容易產生糾(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)。妥善化解鄰(lin)里糾(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)、為老(lao)舊(jiu)小區(qu)既有(you)住(zhu)宅加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)提供有(you)力的(de)(de)法(fa)治保障,事(shi)(shi)關(guan)千(qian)千(qian)萬(wan)萬(wan)家(jia)庭幸福(fu)安居、事(shi)(shi)關(guan)“一(yi)老(lao)一(yi)幼”和(he)殘疾人安全(quan)便利出行、事(shi)(shi)關(guan)廣大基層社(she)區(qu)和(he)諧穩定(ding)。
昨日,人民法院與住房城鄉建設部聯合發布一批老舊小區加裝電梯典型案例。此次發布典型案例從不同角度展示了老舊小區既有住宅加裝電梯的規則,為人民法院和行政主管部門提供司法和執法指引,也為小區業主提供行為指引。
一是關于加裝電梯的規則。加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電梯屬于改(gai)建(jian)、重建(jian)建(jian)筑物及其附屬設施的(de)(de)行(xing)為,是(shi)應(ying)(ying)由(you)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)共同決(jue)定的(de)(de)事項,根據民法典第278條規定,應(ying)(ying)當由(you)專有部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)面積(ji)占比(bi)三(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)二以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)且人(ren)數占比(bi)三(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)二以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)參(can)與(yu)表決(jue),并(bing)經參(can)與(yu)表決(jue)專有部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)面積(ji)四(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)三(san)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)且參(can)與(yu)表決(jue)人(ren)數四(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)三(san)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)同意。同時,加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電梯項目必須取得(de)行(xing)政(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門的(de)(de)審批(pi)手(shou)續,確保加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)施工不(bu)會對(dui)房屋主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體結(jie)構安全(quan)造成危(wei)害(hai),盡量降(jiang)低對(dui)其他業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)通(tong)風、采光、通(tong)行(xing)造成的(de)(de)不(bu)利影響。本次發(fa)布的(de)(de)典型案例(li)中,對(dui)加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電梯所需的(de)(de)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)表決(jue)程序和行(xing)政(zheng)審批(pi)手(shou)續均作了嚴格(ge)把關,要求依法加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電梯。
二是關于保障加裝電梯工程有序施工的規則。對于依法加裝電梯行為,同一單元上下樓層業主、同一棟樓相鄰單元業主、同一小區相鄰樓棟業主均應當予以尊重和包容,不得違法阻撓施工。如果其他業主阻撓施工,申請加裝電梯的業主有權請求排除妨害;如果其他業主阻撓施工造成損失,施工單位等受害人有權請求賠償損失。
三是不得違法拆除依法建成電梯的規則。對于已經依法建成的電梯,反悔或者反對加裝電梯的業主請求拆除電梯的,人民法院不予支持。即使加裝電梯會對其他業主通行、通風、采光造成一定影響,或者會占用少量公共綠地,其他業主亦應予適當包容。
四是合法加裝電梯的使用規則。目前老舊小區加裝電梯糾紛主要集中在(zai)(zai)加(jia)裝階段,隨(sui)著加(jia)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯增(zeng)多、電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯運行時間增(zeng)加(jia),因電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯使用的(de)糾紛(fen)也會隨(sui)之增(zeng)加(jia)。一方(fang)面,反對加(jia)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯的(de)業(ye)主(zhu)不(bu)得妨害其他業(ye)主(zhu)合理使用加(jia)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯;另(ling)一方(fang)面,反對加(jia)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯或者(zhe)未出(chu)資加(jia)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯的(de)業(ye)主(zhu)因生活(huo)需要而需使用加(jia)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯的(de),在(zai)(zai)合理分擔加(jia)裝和維護費用的(de)情況下,應當依法受到保護。
本次發布的老舊小區加(jia)裝電(dian)梯典型案(an)例有(you)以(yi)下幾個特點
01
弘揚法治精神、彰顯行為規則
民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)典(dian)第288條規(gui)(gui)定,不(bu)動產的(de)(de)相(xiang)鄰(lin)權(quan)利人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)按(an)照(zhao)有(you)利生(sheng)(sheng)產、方便生(sheng)(sheng)活、團結(jie)互助、公(gong)(gong)平合(he)理的(de)(de)原則(ze),正確(que)(que)處理相(xiang)鄰(lin)關系。民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)典(dian)還對業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決(jue)定加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)的(de)(de)表決(jue)程序等(deng)(deng)作(zuo)了(le)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)規(gui)(gui)定。2023年9月(yue)1日施(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)無障礙(ai)環境建設法(fa)(fa)第二十二條規(gui)(gui)定,國家支持(chi)城鎮老舊(jiu)小區(qu)既(ji)有(you)多(duo)層住(zhu)宅加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)或(huo)者其(qi)(qi)他無障礙(ai)設施(shi)(shi),為(wei)(wei)殘疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、老年人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提供便利。房屋所有(you)權(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)弘(hong)揚中華民(min)(min)(min)(min)族與(yu)鄰(lin)為(wei)(wei)善、守望相(xiang)助等(deng)(deng)傳(chuan)統美德,加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)強溝(gou)通(tong)協商,依(yi)法(fa)(fa)配合(he)既(ji)有(you)多(duo)層住(zhu)宅加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)或(huo)者其(qi)(qi)他無障礙(ai)設施(shi)(shi)。本次發布典(dian)型案(an)例中加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)都依(yi)法(fa)(fa)履行(xing)(xing)了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決(jue)策程序、完成(cheng)了(le)報建審批手(shou)續,明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)了(le)其(qi)(qi)他業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)得違(wei)法(fa)(fa)阻撓依(yi)法(fa)(fa)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)范。徐(xu)某(mou)等(deng)(deng)六人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)訴(su)(su)范某(mou)排除妨害糾紛(fen)案(an)中,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有(you)權(quan)請(qing)求(qiu)相(xiang)鄰(lin)樓棟業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)停止妨害加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei);康某(mou)等(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)訴(su)(su)劉某(mou)等(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)排除妨害糾紛(fen)案(an)中,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)占用公(gong)(gong)共(gong)綠地(di)對其(qi)(qi)他業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)影(ying)響較小的(de)(de),其(qi)(qi)他業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)得阻撓;某(mou)公(gong)(gong)司訴(su)(su)鐘某(mou)排除妨礙(ai)糾紛(fen)案(an)中,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)違(wei)法(fa)(fa)阻撓加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)施(shi)(shi)工造成(cheng)損(sun)失的(de)(de),應(ying)當(dang)(dang)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)承擔(dan)賠償責任;趙某(mou)訴(su)(su)唐(tang)某(mou)、樊(fan)某(mou)等(deng)(deng)合(he)同糾紛(fen)案(an)中,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)使用加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)產生(sheng)(sheng)糾紛(fen)應(ying)按(an)有(you)利生(sheng)(sheng)產方便生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)原則(ze)協商處理;劉某(mou)訴(su)(su)某(mou)經濟聯合(he)社(she)侵權(quan)責任糾紛(fen)案(an)中,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)無充分(fen)證(zheng)據(ju)證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)影(ying)響其(qi)(qi)通(tong)風、采光及通(tong)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de),無權(quan)請(qing)求(qiu)拆除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)。
02
推動多元解紛、強化訴源治理
本次發布(bu)的多起典型案例均(jun)通(tong)(tong)過調(diao)解方式(shi)處理,將矛盾化(hua)解在基層。張某(mou)(mou)等八人(ren)訴李(li)某(mou)(mou)、任某(mou)(mou)排除(chu)妨(fang)(fang)礙(ai)(ai)糾(jiu)紛案中,人(ren)民(min)(min)法院(yuan)通(tong)(tong)過調(diao)解,促使當事人(ren)優(you)化(hua)施(shi)工工藝、安(an)(an)排安(an)(an)全監測(ce),打消(xiao)其他業主對(dui)加(jia)裝電(dian)梯的安(an)(an)全顧慮,化(hua)解群眾心結;蘇(su)某(mou)(mou)、吳某(mou)(mou)訴諶(chen)某(mou)(mou)等十人(ren)排除(chu)妨(fang)(fang)礙(ai)(ai)糾(jiu)紛案中,人(ren)民(min)(min)法院(yuan)通(tong)(tong)過調(diao)解引導當事人(ren)互(hu)諒互(hu)讓、睦(mu)鄰友(you)善,有效化(hua)解電(dian)梯加(jia)裝后的使用(yong)糾(jiu)紛;何(he)某(mou)(mou)訴萬(wan)某(mou)(mou)排除(chu)妨(fang)(fang)礙(ai)(ai)糾(jiu)紛案中,浙江省(sheng)杭(hang)州市上城(cheng)(cheng)區人(ren)民(min)(min)法院(yuan)、區住房城(cheng)(cheng)鄉建設局與區人(ren)民(min)(min)調(diao)解委員會(hui)聯(lian)合召集各方(fang)進(jin)行聯(lian)合調解(jie)(jie),從法(fa)律和施工的專業角度(du)釋法(fa)答(da)疑,促進(jin)業主形(xing)成加裝電梯共識,有效化解(jie)(jie)糾紛(fen)。
03
弘揚傳統美德、促進社區和諧
04
銜接自治法治、實現政通人和
來源:央視新(xin)聞客戶(hu)端