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山西事關老舊小區加裝電梯,國家新發文
事關老舊小區加裝電梯,國家新發文
截至(zhi)2023年10月,全國老舊(jiu)小(xiao)(xiao)區既(ji)有(you)住宅已累計加(jia)裝電梯(ti)近10萬(wan)部,但加(jia)裝電梯(ti)仍是(shi)老舊(jiu)小(xiao)(xiao)區改造中群眾反(fan)映強(qiang)烈的(de)難點問題(ti)。在電梯(ti)加(jia)裝和使用過程中,樓上(shang)樓下、左鄰右舍(she)因需求和利益(yi)不同,容易產生糾紛。妥善化解鄰里(li)糾紛、為老舊(jiu)小(xiao)(xiao)區既(ji)有(you)住宅加(jia)裝電梯(ti)提供有(you)力的(de)法治保(bao)障,事關(guan)(guan)千千萬(wan)萬(wan)家庭幸福安(an)(an)居、事關(guan)(guan)“一老一幼”和殘疾人安(an)(an)全便利出行、事關(guan)(guan)廣大(da)基層社區和諧穩定。
昨日,人民法院與住房城鄉建設部聯合發布一批老舊小區加裝電梯典型案例。此次發布典型案例從不同角度展示了老舊小區既有住宅加裝電梯的規則,為人民法院和行政主管部門提供司法和執法指引,也為小區業主提供行為指引。
一是關于加裝電梯的規則。加裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯屬于改建(jian)、重(zhong)建(jian)建(jian)筑物(wu)及其(qi)附(fu)屬設施的(de)(de)行(xing)為,是應(ying)(ying)由(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主共同決(jue)定的(de)(de)事項,根(gen)據民法(fa)典第278條規(gui)定,應(ying)(ying)當由(you)專有部(bu)分(fen)面積(ji)(ji)占(zhan)比三(san)分(fen)之二以上(shang)的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主且(qie)人數占(zhan)比三(san)分(fen)之二以上(shang)的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主參與表決(jue),并經參與表決(jue)專有部(bu)分(fen)面積(ji)(ji)四分(fen)之三(san)以上(shang)的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主且(qie)參與表決(jue)人數四分(fen)之三(san)以上(shang)的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主同意(yi)。同時,加裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯項目(mu)必須(xu)取得行(xing)政主管(guan)部(bu)門的(de)(de)審(shen)批手(shou)續,確保加裝(zhuang)施工不(bu)會對(dui)(dui)房屋主體(ti)結構安全造(zao)成危害,盡量降低對(dui)(dui)其(qi)他業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主通風、采光、通行(xing)造(zao)成的(de)(de)不(bu)利影響(xiang)。本次發布的(de)(de)典型案(an)例中,對(dui)(dui)加裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯所(suo)需的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主表決(jue)程序和行(xing)政審(shen)批手(shou)續均作(zuo)了嚴格把關,要求依法(fa)加裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯。
二是關于保障加裝電梯工程有序施工的規則。對于依法加裝電梯行為,同一單元上下樓層業主、同一棟樓相鄰單元業主、同一小區相鄰樓棟業主均應當予以尊重和包容,不得違法阻撓施工。如果其他業主阻撓施工,申請加裝電梯的業主有權請求排除妨害;如果其他業主阻撓施工造成損失,施工單位等受害人有權請求賠償損失。
三是不得違法拆除依法建成電梯的規則。對于已經依法建成的電梯,反悔或者反對加裝電梯的業主請求拆除電梯的,人民法院不予支持。即使加裝電梯會對其他業主通行、通風、采光造成一定影響,或者會占用少量公共綠地,其他業主亦應予適當包容。
四是合法加裝電梯的使用規則。目前老舊小區加裝電梯糾紛主要集中在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)階段,隨(sui)著加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯增多、電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯運行時間增加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯使(shi)用的(de)糾紛(fen)也(ye)會隨(sui)之增加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。一方面,反(fan)對(dui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯的(de)業主(zhu)不得妨害其他業主(zhu)合理(li)使(shi)用加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯;另一方面,反(fan)對(dui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯或者未出資加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯的(de)業主(zhu)因(yin)生活需要而需使(shi)用加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯的(de),在(zai)合理(li)分擔加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)和(he)維護(hu)費用的(de)情況下,應(ying)當(dang)依(yi)法(fa)受到(dao)保護(hu)。
本次發布的老舊小區加(jia)裝電梯典型案例有以下幾個特點
01
弘揚法治精神、彰顯行為規則
民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)典第288條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding),不(bu)動(dong)產的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)(lin)權(quan)利(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)當按照有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)生(sheng)產、方(fang)便(bian)(bian)生(sheng)活(huo)、團結互助、公(gong)平(ping)合(he)理的(de)(de)原則(ze),正(zheng)確(que)(que)處(chu)理相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)(lin)關系。民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)典還對業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)決(jue)定(ding)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯的(de)(de)表決(jue)程(cheng)序等(deng)(deng)作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)規(gui)定(ding)。2023年(nian)9月1日(ri)施行的(de)(de)無障礙(ai)環(huan)境(jing)建設(she)法(fa)(fa)(fa)第二十(shi)二條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding),國(guo)家(jia)支持城(cheng)鎮老舊(jiu)小(xiao)區既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)多層住宅加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯或者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)他無障礙(ai)設(she)施,為(wei)(wei)殘疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)、老年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)供(gong)便(bian)(bian)利(li)(li)。房屋所有(you)(you)(you)(you)權(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)當弘揚中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族與鄰(lin)(lin)為(wei)(wei)善、守(shou)望相(xiang)(xiang)助等(deng)(deng)傳統美德(de),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)溝通(tong)(tong)協商,依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)配(pei)合(he)既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)多層住宅加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯或者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)他無障礙(ai)設(she)施。本次發布典型案(an)(an)例中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯行為(wei)(wei)都依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)履(lv)行了(le)(le)(le)民(min)主(zhu)決(jue)策程(cheng)序、完成了(le)(le)(le)報建審批手(shou)續,明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)了(le)(le)(le)其(qi)(qi)他業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)不(bu)得(de)違法(fa)(fa)(fa)阻(zu)撓(nao)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯的(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)規(gui)范。徐某(mou)(mou)等(deng)(deng)六人(ren)(ren)(ren)訴范某(mou)(mou)排(pai)除妨(fang)(fang)害糾(jiu)紛案(an)(an)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)權(quan)請求相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)(lin)樓棟業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)停止妨(fang)(fang)害加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯行為(wei)(wei);康某(mou)(mou)等(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)訴劉某(mou)(mou)等(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)排(pai)除妨(fang)(fang)害糾(jiu)紛案(an)(an)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯占用(yong)公(gong)共綠地對其(qi)(qi)他業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)影響(xiang)較小(xiao)的(de)(de),其(qi)(qi)他業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)不(bu)得(de)阻(zu)撓(nao);某(mou)(mou)公(gong)司訴鐘某(mou)(mou)排(pai)除妨(fang)(fang)礙(ai)糾(jiu)紛案(an)(an)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)違法(fa)(fa)(fa)阻(zu)撓(nao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯施工造成損(sun)失(shi)的(de)(de),應(ying)當依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)承擔(dan)賠償責任;趙(zhao)某(mou)(mou)訴唐某(mou)(mou)、樊某(mou)(mou)等(deng)(deng)合(he)同糾(jiu)紛案(an)(an)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)使用(yong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯產生(sheng)糾(jiu)紛應(ying)按有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)生(sheng)產方(fang)便(bian)(bian)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)原則(ze)協商處(chu)理;劉某(mou)(mou)訴某(mou)(mou)經濟聯合(he)社侵權(quan)責任糾(jiu)紛案(an)(an)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)無充分(fen)證據證明(ming)(ming)(ming)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯影響(xiang)其(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)風、采光及通(tong)(tong)行的(de)(de),無權(quan)請求拆(chai)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯。
02
推動多元解紛、強化訴源治理
本(ben)次發(fa)布(bu)的多起典型案(an)例均(jun)通(tong)過(guo)調解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方式處理,將矛盾化解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)在基層。張(zhang)某(mou)(mou)等八人(ren)(ren)訴(su)李(li)某(mou)(mou)、任某(mou)(mou)排除妨礙(ai)(ai)糾(jiu)紛案(an)中(zhong),人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院通(tong)過(guo)調解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),促(cu)使(shi)當事人(ren)(ren)優(you)化施工工藝、安(an)排安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)測,打消其(qi)他業主對加(jia)裝電(dian)梯的安(an)全(quan)(quan)顧(gu)慮(lv),化解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)群眾心結;蘇(su)某(mou)(mou)、吳(wu)某(mou)(mou)訴(su)諶某(mou)(mou)等十人(ren)(ren)排除妨礙(ai)(ai)糾(jiu)紛案(an)中(zhong),人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院通(tong)過(guo)調解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)引導當事人(ren)(ren)互諒互讓、睦鄰友(you)善,有效化解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)梯加(jia)裝后的使(shi)用糾(jiu)紛;何某(mou)(mou)訴(su)萬(wan)某(mou)(mou)排除妨礙(ai)(ai)糾(jiu)紛案(an)中(zhong),浙(zhe)江(jiang)省杭州市上城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院、區(qu)住房(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)建(jian)設局與區(qu)人(ren)(ren)民調解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)委員會聯合召集各方進行聯合調解,從(cong)法律和施工的(de)專業角度釋法答疑,促進業主(zhu)形(xing)成(cheng)加裝(zhuang)電梯共(gong)識,有效(xiao)化解糾紛(fen)。
03
弘揚傳統美德、促進社區和諧
04
銜接自治法治、實現政通人和
來源(yuan):央視新聞客戶(hu)端